Facts About Zambia

Zambia is a landlocked country in southern Africa known for its vast wilderness, powerful rivers, and rich mineral resources. It lies on a high plateau and is bordered by eight countries, making it one of Africa’s most centrally connected nations.

1. Geography and Nature

Zambia is dominated by plateaus and river valleys, with the Zambezi River forming much of its southern boundary. The country is home to Victoria Falls, one of the largest and most famous waterfalls in the world, locally called *Mosi-oa-Tunya* or “The Smoke That Thunders.” Large national parks such as South Luangwa, Kafue, and Lower Zambezi protect diverse wildlife including elephants, lions, leopards, hippos, and hundreds of bird species. Zambia also has many lakes and wetlands, including Lake Tanganyika, one of the deepest lakes on Earth.

2. History

Before colonial rule, the area was inhabited by several Bantu-speaking kingdoms and communities. In the late 19th century, Zambia became part of British-controlled Northern Rhodesia. It gained independence peacefully in 1964 and was renamed Zambia after the Zambezi River. Kenneth Kaunda became the country’s first president and played an important role in supporting independence movements in neighboring countries during the apartheid era.

3. People and Culture

Zambia has more than 70 ethnic groups, with Bemba, Tonga, Chewa, Lozi, and Nsenga among the largest. English is the official language, while many local languages are widely spoken. Traditional ceremonies remain important cultural events, such as the Kuomboka ceremony of the Lozi people and the Nc’wala ceremony of the Ngoni. Music and dance are central to social life, and drumming is commonly used in rituals and celebrations.

4. Economy

Zambia’s economy is strongly linked to copper mining, as the country sits on part of the Copperbelt region, one of the world’s richest copper-producing areas. Agriculture is another major sector, with maize as the main staple crop. Tourism contributes significantly through wildlife safaris and visits to Victoria Falls. Hydroelectric power from the Zambezi River supplies much of the country’s electricity, especially from the Kariba and Kafue Gorge dams.

5. Food and Daily Life

Zambian cuisine is centered on *nshima*, a thick maize porridge served with vegetables, beans, meat, or fish. Common relishes include leafy greens, groundnuts, and dried or fresh fish. Markets play an important role in daily life, and extended family ties are strong across communities.

6. Interesting and Unique Facts

   • Zambia is one of the safest and most politically stable countries in southern Africa.

   • It has one of the highest proportions of waterfalls in Africa due to its many rivers.

   • The country shares borders with more neighbors than most African nations.

   • Victoria Falls is considered one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World.

   • Zambia was among the first African countries to achieve peaceful independence without a major war.

   • Walking safaris were pioneered in Zambia’s South Luangwa National Park.